I'm not certain how to answer your question.
You should be able to use an external controller, but as far as I know the controller's MIDI messages will need to be converted to USB somehow. This is normally done by routing the controller's MIDI messages through a computer and then to the Yamaha. If you don't want to use a computer-- which would also include devices such as an iPad or iPhone-- then you might be able to use a special MIDI-to-USB interface box instead. Note that (as far as I know) the interface box must be able to function as a USB host; a simple MIDI-to-USB cable will not do.
So if your goal is to simply connect the controller directly to the Yamaha without going through something else first, I guess the answer would be no, that you can't do that-- unless the controller itself is capable of acting as a USB host, and is going to be connected to the Yamaha via USB.
Thus, if you're designing and building the controller yourself, maybe you can design it to contain a MIDI-to-USB converter of its own, along with the ability to act as a USB host?
Thanks SeaGtGruff,
You've given me some ideas.
My foot pedal unit is one of my many PIC controller projects, which I do for work mostly (my own electronics company). I design and build control systems and have done a few MIDI gadgets for myself also.
This idea started off as simple MIDI, but has already branched into USB for storage onto memory sticks.
I'm nearly there, with a Microchip PIC controller as a USB host for storage drives.
I'm experimenting with a 13 note pedal design, to play pre-programmed chords on the synth, while I'm singing and playing bass guitar.
Then I thought about pre-programmed songs (backing chords, etc from the USB stick), which can step through with a single foot-switch.
Then came the Yamaha PSR-E473 with its USB sockets and no 5-pin MIDI ports.
It looks like a second USB host "output" would be good, as well as standard 5-pin MIDI.
Trevor